Intermediate Microeconomics · free preview

Optimization in One Variable

An interior optimum of a smooth function has a flat tangent, so setting the derivative to zero finds it, and the second derivative tells you whether you landed on a hilltop or a valley floor.

1. The flat-tangent principle

The flat-tangent principle

2. Hilltop or valley floor

Hilltop or valley floor

3. Marginal reasoning as the FOC

Marginal reasoning as the FOC

4. Boundaries deserve a glance

Boundaries deserve a glance

5. The first-order condition's meaning

Why does an interior maximum of a smooth function satisfy f′(x)=0f'(x) = 0?

6. Sorting with the second derivative

A smooth function satisfies g′(x)=0g'(x) = 0 at x=7x = 7 and g′′(x)=3g''(x) = 3 everywhere. What is at x=7x = 7?

7. Profit at the crown

Profit is π(q)=40q−q2−100\pi(q) = 40q - q^2 - 100. Which pair gives the optimal output and the maximum profit?

8. When the boundary wins

Profit is π(q)=10q−q2\pi(q) = 10q - q^2 and capacity limits output to at most 4 units. Where does the firm produce?

9. Locating the crown

For π(q)=40q−q2−100\pi(q) = 40q - q^2 - 100, solve the first-order condition for the optimal output q∗q^*, and write the number.

10. The height of the crown

Compute the maximum profit π(20)\pi(20) for the same function, and write the number.

11. The capacity corner

For profit 10q minus q squared with a capacity ceiling of 4, what is the best feasible output?

12. Decomposing the profit hill

In the decomposition with revenue 40q minus q squared over 2, what is marginal revenue?

13. The margins at the optimum

At the optimal output of 20, what do marginal revenue and marginal cost each equal?

14. Why concavity matters

What does the second derivative minus 2 guarantee about the first-order condition's answer?

15. Profit at the cap

Compute profit at q of 4 under 10q minus q squared, that is 40 minus 16, and write the number.

16. Marginal cost of the decomposition

Differentiate cost q squared over 2 plus 100 and evaluate the margin at q of 6. Write the number.

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